HTML Entities Cheat Sheet
Complete reference of HTML character entities. Special characters, symbols, arrows, math operators, currency signs, and more.
Essential Characters
Characters that must be escaped in HTML to avoid parsing issues.
| Char | Named | Numeric | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| & | & | & | Ampersand |
| < | < | < | Less than |
| > | > | > | Greater than |
| " | " | " | Double quote |
| ' | ' | ' | Single quote / apostrophe |
Important: Always escape
&, <, > in HTML content, and " inside attribute values. Failing to do so can cause rendering issues or XSS vulnerabilities.
Punctuation & Quotes
| Char | Named | Numeric | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
|   | Non-breaking space | |
| – | – | – | En dash |
| — | — | — | Em dash |
| ‘ | ‘ | ‘ | Left single quote |
| ’ | ’ | ’ | Right single quote / apostrophe |
| “ | “ | “ | Left double quote |
| ” | ” | ” | Right double quote |
| « | « | « | Left guillemet |
| » | » | » | Right guillemet |
| … | … | … | Ellipsis |
| · | · | · | Middle dot |
| • | • | • | Bullet |
| ¡ | ¡ | ¡ | Inverted exclamation |
| ¿ | ¿ | ¿ | Inverted question |
| † | † | † | Dagger |
| ‡ | ‡ | ‡ | Double dagger |
Math & Logic
| Char | Named | Numeric | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| + | + | + | Plus sign |
| − | − | − | Minus sign |
| × | × | × | Multiplication |
| ÷ | ÷ | ÷ | Division |
| ± | ± | ± | Plus-minus |
| ≠ | ≠ | ≠ | Not equal |
| ≤ | ≤ | ≤ | Less than or equal |
| ≥ | ≥ | ≥ | Greater than or equal |
| ≈ | ≈ | ≈ | Approximately equal |
| ≡ | ≡ | ≡ | Identical / equivalent |
| ∑ | ∑ | ∑ | Summation |
| ∏ | ∏ | ∏ | Product |
| √ | √ | √ | Square root |
| ∞ | ∞ | ∞ | Infinity |
| ∫ | ∫ | ∫ | Integral |
| ∂ | ∂ | ∂ | Partial differential |
| ∇ | ∇ | ∇ | Nabla / del |
| ∈ | ∈ | ∈ | Element of |
| ∉ | ∉ | ∉ | Not element of |
| ⊂ | ⊂ | ⊂ | Subset of |
| ⊃ | ⊃ | ⊃ | Superset of |
| ∪ | ∪ | ∪ | Union |
| ∩ | ∩ | ∩ | Intersection |
| ∧ | ∧ | ∧ | Logical AND |
| ∨ | ∨ | ∨ | Logical OR |
| ¬ | ¬ | ¬ | Not sign |
| ∴ | ∴ | ∴ | Therefore |
| ‰ | ‰ | ‰ | Per mille (per thousand) |
| ° | ° | ° | Degree |
| ¼ | ¼ | ¼ | One quarter |
| ½ | ½ | ½ | One half |
| ¾ | ¾ | ¾ | Three quarters |
Arrows
| Char | Named | Numeric | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| ← | ← | ← | Left arrow |
| ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | Up arrow |
| → | → | → | Right arrow |
| ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | Down arrow |
| ↔ | ↔ | ↔ | Left-right arrow |
| ⇐ | ⇐ | ⇐ | Left double arrow |
| ⇒ | ⇒ | ⇒ | Right double arrow (implies) |
| ⇔ | ⇔ | ⇔ | Left-right double arrow (iff) |
| ↵ | ↵ | ↵ | Carriage return arrow |
Currency
| Char | Named | Numeric | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| $ | $ | $ | Dollar |
| € | € | € | Euro |
| £ | £ | £ | British pound |
| ¥ | ¥ | ¥ | Yen / Yuan |
| ¢ | ¢ | ¢ | Cent |
| ₹ | ₹ | ₹ | Indian Rupee |
| ₩ | ₩ | ₩ | Korean Won |
| ₱ | ₱ | ₱ | Philippine Peso |
| ฿ | ฿ | ฿ | Thai Baht |
| ₾ | ₾ | ₾ | Lari (Georgian) |
Symbols & Misc
| Char | Named | Numeric | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| © | © | © | Copyright |
| ® | ® | ® | Registered |
| ™ | ™ | ™ | Trademark |
| § | § | § | Section |
| ¶ | ¶ | ¶ | Paragraph / pilcrow |
| µ | µ | µ | Micro |
| ¯ | ¯ | ¯ | Macron / overline |
| ◊ | ◊ | ◊ | Lozenge / diamond |
| ♠ | ♠ | ♠ | Spade suit |
| ♣ | ♣ | ♣ | Club suit |
| ♥ | ♥ | ♥ | Heart suit |
| ♦ | ♦ | ♦ | Diamond suit |
| ✓ | — | ✓ | Check mark |
| ✗ | — | ✗ | Ballot X / cross mark |
| ★ | — | ★ | Black star |
| ☆ | — | ☆ | White star |
Greek Letters
| Char | Named | Char | Named |
|---|---|---|---|
| Α | Α / α | α | α |
| Β | Β | β | β |
| Γ | Γ | γ | γ |
| Δ | Δ | δ | δ |
| Ε | Ε | ε | ε |
| Θ | Θ | θ | θ |
| Λ | Λ | λ | λ |
| Π | Π | π | π |
| Σ | Σ | σ | σ |
| Φ | Φ | φ | φ |
| Ω | Ω | ω | ω |
Spaces & Formatting
| Entity | Width | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Normal space | Non-breaking space (prevents line break) |
  | En space | Half an em (width of 'n') |
  | Em space | Full em (width of 'm') |
  | Thin space | 1/5 or 1/6 of an em |
​ | Zero width | Zero-width space (allows line break) |
‌ | Zero width | Zero-width non-joiner |
­ | Zero width | Soft hyphen (break point for long words) |
| — | Line feed (in attributes) |
Tip: Use
to prevent two words from being split across lines. Use ­ inside long words to hint where they can be hyphenated if needed.